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At its most basic, a bibliography is a list of books and publications related to a specific topic. You can write a bibliography for a particular author or about a specific topic. Bibliographies are often part of college research papers and academic articles, and in these cases, the bibliography lists all the works referred to in that paper or article. Sometimes nonfiction books will have bibliographies of works related to the book's subject matter. All bibliographies begin with research, which can include everything from hunting in a library to searching on the Web. The purpose of the
bibliography defines its format. Different academic fields have their own requirements. According to the Nuts and Bolts of College Writing, the four most common format styles are those of the Modern Language Association of America (MLA), the American Psychological Association (APA), the Chicago Manual of Style, and the Council of Science Editors, formerly known as the Council of Biology Editors (CBE) and still referred to as CBE style. The MLA style is most common in the fields of literature, foreign languages, and other humanities subjects. In research papers that conform to the MLA style, the bibliography is a list
of works cited and contains information such as the author, title, and date of publication for the sources used to write the paper. The APA style style is used in social science disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, education, and business. In the APA, the bibliography is called the list of references, and it should be formatted slightly differently for college papers than for works being prepared for publication. The Chicago Manual of Style is a very popular style guide that is used in the publishing industry as well as in the academic fields of history and
the humanities. In addition to a bibliography, the Chicago style uses footnotes or endnotes instead of in-text citations. The CBE style is common in the natural sciences. Science writing differs significantly from writing in fields such as the humanities, and a CBE references page for a scientific paper must follow a very specific citation format. While these are the major bibliography styles, formats vary among academic fields, college departments, and publishing houses. If you're submitting a bibliography for a class or for publication, check with the professor or editor first to see which format they
prefer.
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